Plato presents an hard-core accedement of the relationship amid the individual and society--even an unjust society--in the descriptor of the "Apology," the statement of Socrates to the court that finally sentences him to death. The speech represents the conflict between the power of the state and the integrity of the individual. The court gives Socrates an out if he re back toothts his teachings, and he go forth not do it. Socrates represents the primary mixer value of inquiry, of the pursuit of philosophy, of the examination of the meaning of life. He to a fault represents integrity, for when we inquire into the meaning of existence and develop a cook of beliefs, we must live up to those beliefs. Socrates believes the unexamined life is not cost living, and if he accepts the right of the court to judge his thoughts, he has scattered his integrity. Socrates is a poor man who is rich in ground and in dedication. His followers carry on his ideas for him, and as is do clear in the Crito, though they may want to that him, he talks them out of it because to escape would be to go against his principles.
Much of Plato's theory of politics is found in The Republic, and the city referred to in that work by Socrates can be seen as any state. The primary subject of The Republic is justice, examined in
Based on his concept of secure justice, Aristotle finds that there are three right forms of government--monarchy, magnanimousness, and democracy. Each of these can also degenerate into a lesser form: monarchy into tyranny, aristocracy into oligarchy, and democracy into mob-rule. Aristotle can be considered a democratic specimenogue in several respects. One of his abiding concerns is with the constitution of the state and the agreement it involves between the ruler and the ruled.
Aristotle sees the state as a natural development, but he also sees it as a voluntary association of human beings based on the point that man is a political animal and that concourse therefrom come together because of common interest to the degree that it contributes to the healthy life of each person:
The question can be raised whether Plato intended his Republic to be more than an ideal. His supposition of Forms shows an awareness of the existence of qualities derived from the abstract and ideal Forms, with the object or quality in the real world being handle the shadows on the walls of the cave in Book VII. What we see in the real world are but imperfect copies or imitations of the ideal, and the Republic can be seen as an ideal that will serve as a model but that would ever be less than ideal in the real world. In this sense, Plato expects there to be weaknesses in the application of his ideas, though galore(postnominal) may feel that the ideas themselves are flawed. Indeed, the effort to eliminate contest from society in itself may be seen as a weakness, and we can make reference to our own political organisation for evidence of this.
Popper, Karl R. "Plato as Enemy of the Open Society." In Plato: totalistic or Democrat?, Thomas Landon Thorson (ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1963.
Plato's ideal state is geared toward the benefit of the state itself as an entity and to the people as a whole rather than to the individual. This is clearly seen in many of the social institutions and r
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