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By 1948, the invention of the transistor greatly changed the computers development.  The transistor re buttd the large, ill-chosen vacuum tube in televisions, radios and computers.  As a result, the size of it of electronic machinery has been shrinking ever since.  The transistor was at add in the computer by 1956.  Coupled with early advances in magnetic-core memory, transistors led to trice generation computers that were smaller, faster, much reliable and more energy-efficient than their predecessors.  The first large-scale machines to take advantage of this transistor applied science were early supercomputers, Stretch by IBM and LARC by Sperry-Rand.  These computers, both unquestionable for atomic energy laboratories, could handle an enormous amount of data, a capability much in demand by atomic scientists.  The machines were costly, however, and tended to be too powerful for the business sectors computing needs, thereby limiting their attractiveness.  Only two LARCs were ever installed: one in the Lawrence Radiation Labs in Livermore, California, for which the computer was named (Livermore Atomic Research Computer) and the early(a) at the U.S. Navy Research and Development Center in Washington, D.C.  Another addition in second generation computers was the institution of assembly language.



  When assembly language replaced machine language,  abbreviated scheduling codes to replaced long, difficult binary codes (Gersting 35).
    Throughout the early 1960s, there were a number of commercially successful second generation computers utilize in businesses, universities, and government from companies such as Burroughs, Control Data, Honeywell, IBM, Sperry-Rand, and others.  These second generation computers were also of solid state design, and contained transistors in place of vacuum tubes.  They also contained all the components we associate with the modern daytime computer: printers, tape storage, disk storage, memory, and stored programs.  One important usage was the IBM 1401,...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com



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