Reformation and Counter-Reformation and examples

Within the church, decisive action had to be undertaken to meet the challenge of the renewal and other difficulties that had arisen. The rise of Protestant power in northerly Europe set off a defensive and totalitarian response in Catholic Italy. The Counter-Reformation put Italian finishing on a war footing with the Catholic church building claiming, in effect, total control of Italians minds and bodies. The Council of Trent, which met intermittently from 1545 to 1563, was called by the pope to deliberate these matters and to undertake reform of the Church from within. As a result of the Councils recommendations, humanistic thinking was replaced by violent reaction, with coercion and persuasion being used as twin prongs to master conformity to the teachings of the Church. Promises of liberal religious attitudes were broken by a return to strict Church doctrines. New access to literary works and knowledge through the printing press and scientific discoveries was hold in through the Inquisition; the Inquisition was a vast restrictive machine that worked through informants and secret courts to meet ideological departure with humiliation, prison, torture and burning alive. God appeared not as the gentle Father but as a terrifying Judge, messiah not as the Good Shepherd but as the Great Avenger.

Art was enlisted to serve the purposes of the church militant, but that art was stringently policed according to a system of decorum in pic which dictated what was and what wasnt acceptable in art.



It was all set disclose by Cardinal Paleotti in 1584 and reinforced by Carlo Borromeo, the young, enterprising archbishop of Milan who spent time in Rome. Borromeo gave voice to the new Church doctrines in the manuals he wrote for architects and artists, as well as for students and teachers in the mevery seminaries he founded. Nudity and eroticism were out,

Thanks for a adept essay on the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. Your essay was detailed and point filled. I particularly liked the art examples you chose to illustrate your points. With the dates and facts you cite, I would have liked to have seen a list of any sources consulted. Fine effort!

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